Prevalence of Oral Lesions Diagnosed at a Pathology Institute: A Four-year Analysis

Abstract Objective: To identify the most prevalent oral lesions based on reports from a pathology institute's reports and associations between malignant and oral potentially malignant disorders with patient's demographic variables and the anatomical location. Material and Methods: All 1,298 histopathological reports of oral lesions recorded in the database were reviewed. Demographic variables, anatomical location of the lesion, histopathological diagnosis of the lesions, and their biological behavior were analyzed. Results: Regarding the biological behavior of the identified lesions, benign lesions were predominant (70%), followed by lesions of undetermined behavior (14.3%), malignant lesions (14.2%), absence of histological alteration (1.2%), and finally, oral potentially malignant disorders (0.5%). The anatomical locations of the most prevalent oral lesions potentially malignant disorders and malignant were in the following structures of the oral cavity: gums, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth and hard palate (p=49.2%), and tongue (p=48.7%). Conclusion: The probability of malignant and premalignant lesions was higher among males (PR= 4.21; 95% CI 2.08-6.22), the increase in age (PR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.05-1.08), and in the tongue region (PR = 5.48; 95% CI 1.67; 17.92). Identification of malignant and potentially malignant oral conditions is higher in older men and in tongue specimens.

Cáncer de cavidad oral en pacientes del departamento de cirugía de cabeza y cuello - cátedra y servicio de otorrinolaringología del Hospital de Clínicas - Universidad Nacional de Asunción / Oral cavity cancer in patients from the department of head and neck surgery - chair and otorhinolaryngology service of the Hospital de Clínicas - National University of Asunción

La cavidad oral está continuamente expuesta a carcinógenos inhalados e ingeridos (tabaco y alcohol principalmente), y por lo tanto es el sitio más común para el origen de neoplasias en la región de la cabeza y el cuello.Para esta investigación, se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal, retrospectivo, de muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Se incluyó a pacientes mayores de edad, con diagnóstico clínico y anatomopatológico de cáncer de cavidad oral.Así, se incluyó una serie de 17 casos de carcinoma escamocelular oral, 13 hombres (76 %) y 4 mujeres (24 %), donde la edad de los individuos osciló entre 32 y 73 años.El 65 % de los pacientes era fumador y el 71% refirió consumo de bebidas alcohólicas.La lengua fue la localización tumoral más frecuente, con el 71% de las personas que se encontraba en estadio IV, y con moderado grado de diferenciación histológica. Como conclusión, se determinó que la mayor parte de los pacientes de este estudio correspondían al sexo masculino de 50 a 70 años. Un alto porcentaje de los pacientes refería el hábito tabáquico, y mayor aún el consumo de alcohol. El subsitio más frecuentemente afectado es la lengua, en estadios avanzados y moderado grado de diferenciación.

INTRODUCTION: The oral cavity is continuously exposed to inhaled and ingested carcinogens (mainly tobacco and alcohol), and therefore it is the most common site for the origin of neoplasms in the head and neck region. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective, observational study of non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases was carried out. Adult patients with a clinical and pathological diagnosis of oral cavity cancer were included. RESULTS: A series of 17 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma was included, 13 men (76%) and 4 women (24%). The age of the individuals ranged between 32 and 73 years.65% of the patients were smokers, and 71% reported consumption of alcoholic beverages.The tongue was the most frequent tumor location, 71% were in stage IV, and with a moderate degree of histological differentiation. CONCLUSION: Most of the patients in this study were males between 50 and 70 years of age. A high percentage of patients reported smoking, and an even higher percentage of alcohol consumption. The most frequently affected subsite is the tongue, in advanced stages and a moderate degree of differentiation.

Lesiones bucales, factores de riesgo de cáncer bucal y autopercepción de irritación mecánica crónica en una campaña de prevención en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires / Oral lesions, oral cancer risk factors and self-perception of chronic mechanical irritation in a prevention campaign in Buenos Aires City

Objetivos: i) Describir las características poblaciona- les, la frecuencia de patologías de mucosa bucal y de factores de riesgo asociados al cáncer bucal en una Campaña de Pre- vención y Diagnóstico Precoz de Cáncer Bucal (CPDPCB) en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires; ii) establecer concordancia entre diagnóstico clínico profesional de irritación mecánica crónica (IMC) y autopercepción de trauma. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descrip- tivo retrospectivo, en el que se utilizaron encuestas de 640 pa- cientes que participaron en las CPDPCB del Servicio de Odon- tología del Hospital Alemán entre los años 2016, 2017 y 2018. Se describen las variables demográficas, clínicas y cognitivas, y se analizan empleando chi cuadrado para variables cualitativas y ANOVA para variables cuantitativas comparando los años de campaña. Se realizó un estudio de concordancia entre el diag- nóstico clínico profesional de IMC y el trauma autopercibido mediante test Kappa, sensibilidad y especificidad. Resultados: Los sujetos participantes fueron predomi- nantemente mayores de edad, con bajo consumo de tabaco y alcohol. El porcentaje de pacientes con desórdenes potencial- mente malignos y cáncer bucal fue de 17,2%. La cartelería del hospital y la radio fueron las principales vías de información a los pacientes. El trauma autopercibido no presentó concor- dancia con el diagnóstico clínico profesional de IMC, y mos- tró sensibilidad de 0,41 y especificidad de 0,72. Conclusiones: El nivel de participación de los grupos de mayor riesgo de CBCE en la CPDPCB es bajo, y el perfil epidemiológico de los participantes no coincide generalmente con el perfil de los pacientes con CBCE. La autopercepción de trauma no sería una herramienta confiable para el diagnóstico de IMC (AU)

Aims: i) To describe population characteristics, frequency of oral mucosa pathologies, and risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a Campaign for the Prevention and Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer (CPEDOC), and ii) to establish concordance between professional clinical diagnosis of chronic mechanical irritation (CMI) and self-perception of trauma. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed using surveys of 640 patients who had participated in the CPEDOC conducted by the Dentistry Ser- vice at the Hospital Alemán during 2016, 2017 and 2018. De- mographic, clinical and cognitive variables were described and analyzed, using chi-square for qualitative variables and ANOVA for quantitative variables, to compare campaign years. Concordance was studied between the professional clinical diagnosis of CMI and self-perceived trauma using the Kappa test, sensitivity and specificity. Results: Participants were predominantly older, with low consumption of tobacco and alcohol. The percentage of patients with potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer was 17.2%. Hospital posters and radio broadcasting were the main channels of information to patients. Self-perceived trauma did not agree with the professional clinical diagnosis of CMI. Self-perceived trauma sensitivity and specificity were 0.41 and 0.72, respectively. Conclusions: The level of participation in the CPEDOC by the groups at higher risk of OSCC was low, and the epide- miological profile of the participants did not generally coincide with the profile of patients with OSCC. Self-perception of trau- ma does not seem to be a reliable tool for the diagnosis of CMI (AU)

Malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity and oropharynx treated in Brazil: what do hospital cancer records reveal? / Neoplasias malignas da cavidade oral e orofaringe tratadas no Brasil: o que revelam os registros hospitalares de câncer?

Abstract Introduction: Head and neck cancer has an impact on the global burden of diseases, representing an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil, as well as worldwide. Objective: To learn and describe the clinical, epidemiological and care configuration provided to patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx recorded in Brazil, diagnosed from 2007 to 2016. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out using secondary hospital-based data, using the indirect documentation technique. Results: There were 52,799 hospital records of oral cavity cancer and 34,516 cases of oropharyngeal cancer in the assessed period. There was a predominance of male patients, aged 50-59 years, mostly Caucasians, and with a low level of schooling. Throughout the period there was a significant reduction in the positive history of alcohol and tobacco consumption, except for alcoholic beverages in oral cavity cancer. Most patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease (III or IV). Most patients with oral cavity cancer had no evidence of the disease on follow-up, while most patients with oropharyngeal cancer died. The first most frequent treatment offered to patients with oral cavity cancer was surgery, while for patients with oropharyngeal cancer it chemoradiotherapy predominated. Conclusion: Despite the fact that, in general, there was a reduction in the records of patient alcohol and tobacco consumption, the increase in the number of medical consultations, the predominantly late diagnosis and the patients' low level of schooling indicate the need for health education, primary prevention and early diagnosis of cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Resumo Introdução: O câncer de cabeça e pescoço impacta a carga global de doenças, representa importante causa de morbimortalidade no Brasil e no mundo. Objetivo: Conhecer e descrever a compleição clínica, epidemiológica e assistencial dos atendimentos a pacientes com câncer de cavidade oral e orofaringe registrados no Brasil, diagnosticados de 2007 a 2016. Método: Estudo transversal, feito a partir de dados secundários de base hospitalar, por meio de técnica de documentação indireta. Resultados: Houve 52.799 registros hospitalares de câncer de cavidade oral e 34.516 casos de câncer de orofaringe no período considerado. Predominaram pacientes do sexo masculino, da faixa etária de 50-59 anos, predominantemente branca, e de baixo nível de escolaridade. Ao longo do período houve redução expressiva do histórico positivo de consumo de bebida alcoólica e tabaco, exceto para bebida alcoólica no câncer de cavidade oral. A maioria dos pacientes foi diagnosticada em estágio avançado da doença (III ou IV). A maior parte dos pacientes de câncer de cavidade oral apresentava-se sem evidência da doença, enquanto que grande parte dos pacientes com câncer de orofaringe evoluiu a óbito. O primeiro tratamento mais frequente oferecido aos pacientes com câncer de cavidade oral foi cirurgia, enquanto para os pacientes com câncer de orofaringe foi a quimioradioterapia. Conclusão: Apesar de se observar, de maneira geral, redução dos registros do consumo de bebida e tabaco, o aumento do número de atendimentos, o diagnóstico tardio predominante e o baixo nível de escolaridade dos pacientes apontam para a necessidade da educação em saúde, de prevenção primária e do diagnóstico precoce do câncer de cavidade oral e orofaringe.

Autopercepción y condición de salud bucal en el anciano / Self-perception of oral health in the elderly and oral health condition

Introducción: Debido al aumento en la esperanza de vida y, en consecuencia, al aumento en el número de personas mayores, la asociación entre los estados de salud se vuelve relevante en términos de salud pública, ya que además de los años vividos, la calidad de vida de estos pacientes es importante. Objetivo: Evaluar la autopercepción y el estado de salud bucal en personas mayores. Métodos: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal (enero-julio del 2019) en el que se realizaron cuestionarios GOHAI (índice de evaluación de la salud oral geriátrica) y el cuestionario sobre el tipo, el tiempo de uso y la limpieza de las prótesis dentales, el cáncer oral y los datos socioeconómicos. La presencia de posibles lesiones orales también se evaluó mediante examen clínico. Los sujetos incluidos en la muestra eran ancianos (60 años o más) que asistían a las unidades de salud de Aracaju. Resultados: Participaron 55 mujeres y ocho hombres. Al evaluar el índice de evaluación de la salud oral geriátrica, se verificó que el 47,6 por ciento de la muestra tenía una mala percepción de la salud oral. Se encontraron asociaciones entre el índice de evaluación de la salud oral geriátrica entre la última visita al dentista, la adaptación de la prótesis dental y las heridas bucales (p < 0,05). Las lesiones orales más prevalentes fueron mucosa rojiza o irritada (35,7 por ciento) y eritroplasia (14,2 por ciento) y se detectó que el 76 por ciento de las prótesis tenían grietas o suciedad. El 77,7 por ciento de los participantes en el estudio solo utilizaban dentífrico como material de limpieza de la prótesis. Conclusión: La salud bucal autopercibida y las condiciones de salud bucal de los ancianos evaluados se consideraron deficientes, se observa la presencia de prótesis mal adaptadas y agrietadas, además de mucositis(AU)

Introduction: due to the increase in life expectancy and, consequently, to the increase in the number of elderly people, the association between health states becomes relevant in terms of public health, since in addition to the lived years the quality of life of these patients is important. Objective: evaluate the self-perception of oral health and check the oral health condition of the elderly. Methods: observational cross-sectional study (January to July / 2019) in which questionnaires were the GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) questionnaire and questionnaire about type, time of use and cleaning of dental prostheses, oral cancer and socioeconomic data. The presence of possible oral lesions was also assessed by clinical examination. The subjects included in the sample were elderly (60 years or older) attending the Aracaju Health Units. Results: fifty-five were female and eight male. When evaluating the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index, it is verified that 47.6 percent of the sample has poor self-perception of oral health. Associations were found between GOHAI Index for last visit to the dentist, dental prosthesis adaptation and mouth wound (p < 0.05). The most prevalent oral lesions were reddish or irritated mucosa (35.7 percent), followed by erythroplakia (14.2 percent), 76 percent of the prostheses had cracks or dirt. About the cleaning of the protests, 77.7 percent use only dentifrice as cleaning material. Conclusion: self-perceived oral health and oral health conditions of the elderly evaluated were considered poor, in the presence of poorly adapted and cracked prostheses, in addition to mucositis(AU)

Human papillomavirus infection and oral squamous cell carcinoma - a systematic review / Infecção por papilomavírus humano e carcinoma espinocelular oral - Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Introduction The association between uterine cervix and anogenital carcinomas and human papillomavirus, HPV, is well established, however the involvement of this virus in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas remains controversial. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between HPV infection and oral squamous cell carcinomas, and to estimate the incidence of this infection in these patients. Methods Four electronic databases were searched to find studies that met the following inclusion criteria: i) performed in humans; ii) were cohort, case-control or cross-sectional; iii) assessed the HPV oncogenic activity by the E6 and E7 mRNA; iv) included primary oral squamous cell carcinomas which; v) diagnosis had been confirmed by biopsy. Information about the country; study period; sample obtainment; sites of oral squamous cell carcinomas; number, gender and age range of the population; the prevalence of HPV infection and subtypes detected; use of tobacco or alcohol and oral sex practice were extracted. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using 14 criteria. Results The search strategy retrieved 2129 articles. Assessment of the full text was done for 626 articles, but five were included. The total of participants included was 383, most of them male with mean age between 51.0 and 63.5 years old. Seventeen patients were HPV/mRNA-positive, being the subtypes 16 and 18 detected more frequently. Nine of the HPV/mRNA-positive oral squamous cell carcinomas occurred on the tongue. The quality score average of included articles was five points. Conclusions Among the 383 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients included, 17 (4.4%) were HPV/mRNA-positive, nevertheless it was not possible to assess if HPV infection was associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas because none of the studies included was longitudinal and cross-sectional investigations do not have control group.

Resumo Introdução A associação entre os carcinomas de colo uterino e anogenitais e o papilomavírus humano (HPV) está bem estabelecida; entretanto, o envolvimento desse vírus no desenvolvimento de carcinomas espinocelulares orais permanece controverso. Objetivos Avaliar a relação entre a infecção pelo HPV e os carcinomas espinocelulares orais e estimar a proporção dessa infecção nesses pacientes. Método Quatro bases de dados eletrônicas foram pesquisadas para encontrar estudos que atendessem aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: i) feitos em humanos; ii) estudos do tipo coorte, caso-controle ou transversal; iii) avaliaram a atividade oncogênica do HPV pelo mRNA E6 e E7; iv) incluíram CECOs primários, cujo diagnóstico foi confirmado por biópsia; v) o diagnóstico foi confirmado por biópsia. Informações sobre o país; período do estudos; obtenção da amostra; locais dos carcinomas espinocelulares orais; número, sexo e faixa etária da população; prevalência de infecção por HPV e subtipos detectados; informações sobre o uso de tabaco ou álcool e a prática de sexo oral foram obtidas. A qualidade metodológica dos artigos incluídos foi avaliada através de 14 critérios. Resultados A estratégia de busca recuperou 2.129 artigos. A avaliação de texto completo foi feita em 626 artigos, mas apenas cinco foram incluídos. O total de participantes incluídos foi de 383, a maioria do sexo masculino e com média de idade entre 51,0 e 63,5 anos. Dezessete pacientes eram HPV/mRNA-positivos, os subtipos 16 e 18 foram detectados com maior frequência. Nove dos carcinomas espinocelulares orais HPV/mRNA-positivos ocorreram na língua. A média do escore de qualidade dos artigos incluídos foi de cinco pontos. Conclusões Entre os 383 pacientes incluídos com carcinomas espinocelulares orais, 17 (4,4%) eram HPV/mRNA-positivos; entretanto, não foi possível avaliar se a infecção por HPV estava associada com carcinomas espinocelulares orais porque nenhum dos estudos incluídos era longitudinal e as investigações transversais não têm grupo controle.

Diagnosis of mucosal changes and hospitalized oral cancer patients in Brazil: influence of socioeconomic factors

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the influence of socioeconomic factors on the frequency of diagnoses of oral mucosal changes and the number of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from all Brazilian cities in the period 2011-2017. The frequency of diagnoses of oral mucosal changes and the number of hospitalized patients of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil were extracted from the Primary Care Information System (SIAB) and Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) databases. The socioeconomic factors evaluated were the Gini coefficient of inequality, municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), inadequate basic sanitation rate, employment rate, illiteracy rate and expected years of schooling. Associated factors were examined using bivariate Spearman's correlations and multivariate Poisson regressions, and statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations between study variables and regression coefficients were obtained. A higher frequency of diagnoses of mucosal changes was observed in cities with a higher Gini coefficient (B = 11.614; p < 0.001), higher MHDI (B = 11.298; p < 0.001), and higher number of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer (B = 0.001, p < 0.002). Cities with higher Gini coefficients (B = 8.159, p < 0.001), higher inadequate basic sanitation rates (B = 0.09, p = 0.001), lower expected years of schooling (B = -0.718, p < 0.001), and higher illiteracy rates (B = 0.191, p < 0.001) had a higher frequency of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. In conclusion, more developed cities showed a higher frequency of diagnoses of mucosal changes. Greater inequality and worse socioeconomic conditions are associated with a higher frequency of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil.

Incidencia de patologías bucomaxilares en un período de aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio de la pandemia COVID-19 / Incidence of buccomaxillofacial pathologies in a period of preventive and mandatory social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic

La urgencia en la práctica odontológica incluye no solo la atención de pacientes con dolor e infección, sino también la atención de pacientes que presentan patologías con presunción diagnóstica de agresividad y/o malignidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la incidencia de las patologías bucomaxilares biopsiadas en el Servicio de Urgencias y Orientación de Pacientes (SUyOP), y diagnosticadas en el Laboratorio de Patología Quirúrgica de la Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica (LPQ-CAP) de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (FOUBA), en un período del Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio de la pandemia COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de pacientes que se presentaron para la atención odontológica en el período de tiempo comprendido entre el 20 de marzo al 21 de junio de 2020. Se registraron los pacientes que presentaron lesiones bucales con indicación de biopsia. Del total de pacientes evaluados (4854), 48 presentaron patologías con presunción diagnóstica de agresividad y/o malignidad. Las patologías más frecuentes fueron las neoplasias malignas (21 casos), siendo la entidad prevalente el carcinoma de células escamosas. Para el LPQ-CAP, las muestras biópsicas remitidas por el SUyOP representaron el 44% del total de las muestras recibidas. Si bien la incidencia de patologías bucomaxilares biopsiadas y diagnosticadas fue baja (1%) es de destacar que el diagnóstico histopatológico correspondió, en la mayoría de los casos, a patologías neoplásicas. De allí la importancia de la atención de urgencia a pacientes que presentan lesiones con presunción diagnóstica de malignidad/agresividad (AU)

Relationship between anemia and oral cancer: a case-control study

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, type and severity of anemia at the time of diagnosis of oral cancer, and its potential association with the degree of tumor cell differentiation. This case-control study used 366 medical records of patients treated at two referral centers for oral cancer diagnosis, specifically: cases (n=70) with a histopathological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the oral cavity, and controls (n=296) with benign oral lesions. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical variables of both groups, as well as complete blood count values, were analyzed by descriptive statistics and crude/adjusted logistic regression. Anemia was detected in 15.7% of the cases and 11.8% of the controls. The presence of anemia had an OR=1.64 (odds ratio) (95%CI 0.54-5.00) for OSCC, with no significantly statistical association. Normocytic anemia was the most prevalent form of anemia when oral cancer was diagnosed (91.4% of the controls and 72.7% of the cases), and moderate to severely low hemoglobin levels were associated with OSCC diagnosis (OR 6.49; 95%CI 1.18-35.24), albeit data on hematological examinations were missing.

Evaluación de una intervención educativa sobre tabaquismo y su relación con la cavidad bucal / Evaluation of an educational intervention on smoking and its relationship with the oral cavity

Introducción: El tabaquismo se considera una epidemia de carácter universal y es una gravosa carga para el individuo, la familia y la sociedad. La cavidad bucal se afecta en toda su extensión y esto trae como resultado, efectos negativos sobre los tejidos que la conforman. Objetivo: Determinar las modificaciones en el nivel de conocimientos sobre tabaquismo y su relación con la cavidad bucal, con la aplicación de una intervención educativa. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal en 55 voluntarios fumadores, de ambos sexos, adultos, del Hospital Militar Central Dr. Carlos J. Finlay, en el período comprendido de diciembre de 2017 a enero de 2018. Se les aplicó un cuestionario para determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre tabaquismo y la cavidad bucal, antes y después de una intervención educativa. Se compararon los resultados de ambas aplicaciones. Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos fue suficiente en el 23,63 por ciento de los sujetos; después de aplicada la intervención aumentó al 83,63 por ciento. En relación con la enfermedad periodontal, predominaron los conceptos erróneos antes de la intervención (83,63 por ciento insuficiente) y después, respondió acertadamente el 65,45 por ciento. Conclusiones: La intervención aplicada fue efectiva para aumentar el nivel de conocimiento sobre el tabaquismo, relacionado con el cáncer oral y la enfermedad periodontal(AU)

Introduction: smoking is considered an epidemic of a universal nature and is a burden for the individual, the family and society. The oral cavity is affected to its full extent and this results in negative effects on its tissues. Objective: to determine the changes in the level of knowledge about smoking and its relationship with the oral cavity, with the application of an educational intervention. Methods: a longitudinal study was carried out in 55 smoking volunteers, of both sexes, adults, from the Hospital Militar Central Dr. Carlos J. Finlay, in the period from December 2017 to January 2018. A questionnaire was applied to determine the level of knowledge about smoking and the oral cavity, before and after an educational intervention. The results of both applications were compared. Results: the level of knowledge was sufficient in 23.63 percent of the subjects; after the intervention was applied, it increased to 83.63 percent. In relation to periodontal disease, misconceptions prevailed before the intervention (83.63 percent insufficient) and afterwards, 65.45 percent responded correctly. Conclusions: the intervention applied, was effective increasing the level of knowledge about smoking and oral cavity(AU)

Screening de lesiones orales malignas y potencialmente malignas en funcionarios de Universidad de Valparaíso y Universidad Viña del Mar durante los años 2016 - 2017 / Screening of malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions in employee of the University of Valparaíso and the University of Viña del Mar during 2016 - 2017

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de lesiones orales malignas y potencialmente malignas (LPM) en funcionarios de la Universidad de Valparaíso y de Viña del Mar durante los años 2016 - 2017. Fueron citados 161 funcionarios, quienes accedieron a una encuesta que evaluaba factores de riesgo de cáncer oral (tabaco y alcohol) y si habían escuchado de la patología, sumado a un examen clínico. De los pacientes examinados, se diagnosticaron 121 lesiones de las cuales 2 fueron diagnosticadas como lesiones potencialmente malignas: Liquen plano y Leucoplasia, con una prevalencia de 1,7 %. El 50,3 % de los pacientes sabía de la existencia de cáncer oral. El Screening es una medida que permite dar a conocer a la población la existencia de cáncer oral y alertarlos sobre la importancia de su examen para su identificación de manera temprana.

The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions (PML) in University of Valparaíso and Viña del Mar employees, during the years 2016 - 2017. We cited 161 employees, who accessed a survey evaluating risk factors for oral cancer (tobacco and alcohol) and if they had heard of the disease. In addition, a clinical examination was carried out. Of the patients examined, 121 lesions were diagnosed, of which 2 were diagnosed as potentially malignant lesions: Lichen planus and Leukoplakia, with a prevalence of 1.6 %. 50.3 % of patients knew of the existence of oral cancer. Epidemiological designs are needed to better establish causality between risk factors and malignant or, potentially malignant lesions.

Análisis de los Resultados nacionales obtenidos por grupos estatales de investigación del el cáncer ruso. Programa de Cribado de Enfermedades de la Mucosa Oral y Borde Bermellón / Analysis of The Results Obtained by National Research Groups with The Russian State Cancer Program for The Screening of Diseases of The Oral Mucosa and The Vermillion Border

This article analyzes the results obtained by national research groups in the implementation of the Russian State Cancer Program. From 2015 to the first half of 2019, specialists studied the epidemiology and structure of oncological and precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa and the vermillion border in 486,059 persons aged 18-92 years living in Tula, the Tula region, Moscow and Noyabrsk as a result of screening and medical aid appealability. In this period, the productivity of the research group from Tula grew by the factor of 18.92. The results of the research confirm low cancer alertness of practicing dentists. An individual patient registration card has been developed to systematize data and create a diagnostic register for the screening of cancer and precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa and the vermillion border.

Conocimientos sobre cáncer bucal en pacientes odontológicos de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos / Knowledge about oral cancer among dental patients from the National University of San Marcos

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer bucal es un problema de salud pública mundial, el cual constituye la sexta causa más común de muerte relacionada con el cáncer. El conocimiento y concientización de la población sobre esta enfermedad es importante para reducir su alta tasa de mortalidad. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre cáncer bucal en pacientes adultos que acudieron a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos el año 2017. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. La población estuvo compuesta por los pacientes que acudieron a la clínica de la Facultad de Odontología. La muestra fue de 223 pacientes y se obtuvo por un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio sistemático. El instrumento de evaluación fue una encuesta de 11 preguntas cerradas divididas en 5 dominios: conocimientos generales, factores de riesgo, signos y síntomas, repercusiones y prevención del cáncer bucal. El rango de calificación fue bajo, regular, alto. Resultados: El 56,5 por ciento (n= 126) de pacientes presentó un nivel de conocimiento bajo, 40,4 por ciento (n= 90) un nivel regular y 3,1 por ciento (n= 7) un nivel alto. El nivel de respuesta promedio fue 12,14 ± 2,90 (IC95 por ciento [10,17-14,89]). El sexo y la edad no tuvieron relación significativa con el nivel de conocimiento (p= 0,45 y p= 0,52, respectivamente); sin embargo, el nivel de educación sí tuvo relación significativa (p= 0,009). Conclusiones: En la población estudiada, el nivel de conocimiento sobre cáncer bucal es predominantemente bajo. El sexo y la edad no tienen influencia sobre el nivel de conocimiento de cáncer bucal, pero sí el nivel de educación(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Oral cancer is a world health problem. It constitutes the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death. Knowledge about and awareness of this disease among the population is important to reduce its high mortality rate. Objective: Determine the level of knowledge about oral cancer among adult patients attending the Dental School at the National University of San Marcos in the year 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted. The study population was the patients attending the Dental School clinic. The sample was 223 patients selected by systematic probabilistic random sampling. The evaluation tool was a survey containing 11 closed-ended questions divided into five domains: general knowledge, risk factors, signs and symptoms, repercussions and prevention of oral cancer. The grading scale was low, fair or high. Results: Of the patients surveyed, 56.5 percent (n= 126) had a low knowledge level, 40.4 percent (n= 90) a fair level and 3.1 percent (n= 7) a high level. Average answer level was 12.14 ± 2.90 (CI 95 percent [10.17-14.89]). Sex and age did not have a significant relationship to knowledge level (p= 0.45 and p= 0.52, respectively). However, educational level did have a significant relationship (p= 0.009). Conclusions: In the study population the level of knowledge about oral cancer is predominantly low. Sex and age do not have an influence on the level of knowledge about oral cancer, but educational level does(AU)

Histórico de Consumo de Álcool como Fator Preditivo de Sobrevida em Pacientes com Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Boca e Orofaringe: Follow-up de 15 Anos / Alcohol Consumption History as a Predictive Factor of Survival in Patients with Mouth and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Follow-up of 15 Years / Historia del Consumo de Alcohol como Factor Predictivo para la Supervivencia en Pacientes con Carcinoma de Células Escamosas Bucales y Orofaríngeas: Seguimiento de 15 Años

Introdução: O carcinoma de células escamosas é o tumor de maior importância na região de cabeça e pescoço, em razão da sua incidência e mortalidade. Sabe-se que fatores como consumo de álcool estão relacionados à diminuição da sobrevida de tumores tanto estimulando a progressão tumoral como causando comorbidades importantes, sendo um fator relevante para estudo. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do histórico de álcool em características clinicoprognósticas de pacientes com carcinoma de células escamosas de boca e orofaringe (CCEBO). Método: Estudo de coorte, retrospectivo, no qual 156 prontuários de pacientes etilistas e 78 prontuários de pacientes não etilistas com CCEBO diagnosticados no Hospital Haroldo Juaçaba, em Fortaleza, Ceará, foram avaliados, entre 2000 e 2014, para análise de dados como idade, sexo, raça, localização do tumor, estadiamento TNM, tratamentos realizados e sobrevida em 15 anos por meio dos testes X², Long-Rank e modelos de regressão multinomial e de Cox (SPSS 20,0; p<0,05). Resultados: Houve maior prevalência de homens entre os pacientes etilistas (p<0,001), com tumores T3-T4 (p=0,003), linfonodos positivos (p=0,006) que realizaram tratamentos paliativos (p<0,001) e menor prevalência abaixo de 65 anos (p<0,001), quando havia histórico familiar de câncer (p=0,043). A sobrevida dos pacientes etilistas foi menor (p=0,040) e os fatores que diminuíram a sobrevida de maneira independente foram sexo masculino (p=0,042), estadiamento T3-T4 (p=0,004), metástase linfonodal (p=0,012), idade >65 anos (p=0,035) e localização na língua (p=0,042). O sexo masculino foi independentemente associado ao etilismo (p<0,001). Conclusão: O álcool é um fator de prognóstico em pacientes com CCEBO, mostrando maior prevalência em pacientes T3-T4 e, assim, influenciando negativamente no prognóstico.

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most important tumor in the head and neck region, due to its incidence and mortality. It is known that factors as alcohol consumption are related to the decrease of the survival of tumors, either stimulating tumor progression or causing considerable comorbidities, being an important study factor. Objective: Evaluate the influence of alcohol history on clinical and prognostic characteristics of patients with mouth oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (MOSCC). Method: A retrospective cohort study in which 156 charts of alcoholic patients and 78 medical charts of non-alcoholic patients with MOSCC diagnosed at Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital in Fortaleza, state of Ceará were evaluated between 2000 and 2014 for data analysis such as age, gender and race, tumor location, TNM staging, treatments performed and 15-year survival through X², Long-Rank and Cox and multinomial regression models (SPSS 20.0; p <0.05). Results: Men were more prevalent among alcoholic patients (p <0.001), with T3/4 tumors (p = 0.003), positive lymph nodes (p = 0.006) who submitted to palliative treatments (p<0.001) and lower prevalence under 65 years (p <0.001), when there was a family history of cancer (p = 0.043). The survival of alcoholic patients was lower (p = 0.040) and the factors that independently reduced survival were male sex (p = 0.042), T3-T4 staging (p = 0.004), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.012), age> 65 years (p = 0.035) and tumor in the tongue (p = 0.042). Male sex was independently associated with alcohol consumption (p<0.001). Conclusion: Alcohol is a prognostic factor in patients with MOSCC, showing a higher prevalence in T3-T4 patients and, thus, negatively influencing the prognosis.

Introducción: El carcinoma de células escamosas es el tumor de mayor importancia en la región de cabeza y cuello, debido a su incidencia y mortalidad. Se sabe que factores como el consumo de alcohol están relacionado con la disminución de la supervivencia de tumores tanto estimulando la progresión tumoral, como provocando comorbilidades considerables, siendo un factor de estudio importante. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del historial del consumo de alcohol en las características clínicas-pronósticas de pacientes con carcinoma de células escamosas oral y orofaringe (CCEOO). Método: Estudio retrospectivo en el que se evaluaron 156 registros médicos de pacientes consumidores de alcohol y 78 de pacientes no alcohólicos con CCEOO diagnosticados en el Hospital Haroldo Juaçaba, en Fortaleza, Ceará, entre 2000 y 2014, para el análisis de datos como edad, sexo raza, escolaridad, los antecedentes familiares, vínculo matrimonial, registro en el servicio, ubicación del tumor, clasificación de TNM, los tratamientos realizados y la supervivencia durante 15 años a través de las pruebas X² Long-Rank y modelos de regresión multinomial y de Cox (SPSS 20.0; p<0,05). Resultados: Hubo una mayor prevalencia de hombres entre pacientes alcohólicos (p<0,001), con tumores T3-T4 (p=0,003), ganglios linfáticos positivos (p=0,006), y realizó tratamientos paliativos (p<0,001) y menor prevalencia en paciente menores de 65 años (p <0,001); cuando se presentaron antecedentes familiares de cáncer (p=0,043). La supervivencia de los pacientes alcohólicos fue menor (p=0,040); y los factores que disminuyeron la supervivencia de forma independiente fueron hombres (p=0,042); estadificación t3-t4 (p=0,004); metástasis a ganglios linfáticos (p=0,012); edad > 65 años (p=0,035); localización de la lengua (p=0,042). El sexo masculino se asoció independientemente con el consumo de alcohol (p<0,001). Conclusión: El alcohol define el pronóstico en pacientes con CCEOO, muestra una mayor prevalencia en pacientes con T3-T4, por lo tanto, influye negativamente en el pronóstico.

Association between oral hygiene and head and neck cancer in Brazil / Associação entre higiene oral e câncer de cabeça e pescoço no Brasil

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Poor oral hygiene, regular use of mouthwash and absence of visits to the dentist could correspond to potential risk factors for the development of head and neck cancer. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether oral hygiene is associated with the occurrence of oral cavity and head and neck cancer in a Brazilian sample. Method: The variables of oral hygiene condition, such as toothbrushing frequency, dental loss, need and use of prosthesis, and regular visit to the dentist in a case-control study were analyzed in patients from five hospitals in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, paired by gender and age, from the multicenter project Genoma do Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço (GENCAPO). Results: The most frequent malignancies in the 899 patients included were those of the tongue border (11.41%) and tongue base (10.92%). The multivariable statistical analysis found odds ratio values: Brushing once 0.33 (95%CI 0.25 - 0.44); Brushing twice 0.42 (95%CI 0.35 - 0.52); Flossing always 0.19 (95%CI 0.13 - 0.27); Flossing sometimes 0.19 (95%CI 0.15 - 0.24); Bleeding 2.40 (95%CI 1.40 - 4.09); Prosthesis 1.99 (95%CI 1.54 - 2.56); Visiting the dentist 0.29 (95%CI 0.22 - 0.37); Good hygiene 0.21 (95%CI 0.17 - 0.27); Regular hygiene 0.20 (95%CI 0.15 - 0.25); number of missing teeth (6 or more) 3.30 (95%CI 2.67 - 4.08). Conclusion: These data showed that, in the population studied, indicators of good hygiene such as brushing teeth and flossing were protective factors for mouth and head and neck cancer, while bleeding and many missing teeth were risk factors.

RESUMO: Introdução: Má higiene bucal, uso regular de enxaguante bucal e ausência de visitas ao dentista podem corresponder a potenciais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Objetivo: Determinar se a higiene bucal está associada à ocorrência de câncer em cavidade oral e cabeça e pescoço em uma amostra brasileira. Método: O estudo caso controle analisou variáveis de higiene bucal, como frequência de escovação, perda dentária, necessidade e uso de prótese e visita regular ao dentista em pacientes de cinco hospitais do estado de São Paulo, pareados por sexo e idade, provenientes do projeto multicêntrico Genoma do Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço (GENCAPO). Resultados: As neoplasias mais frequentes nos 899 pacientes incluídos foram: bordo de língua (11,41%) e base de língua (10,92%). A análise estatística múltipla encontrou os seguintes valores de odds ratio: escovar uma vez 0,33 (IC95% 0,25 - 0,44); escovar duas vezes 0,42 (IC95% 0,35 - 0,52); uso de fio dental sempre 0,19 (IC95% 0,13 - 0,27); uso de fio dental às vezes 0,19 (IC95% 0,15 - 0,24); sangramento 2,40 (IC95% 1,40 - 4,09); prótese 1,99 (IC95% 1,54 - 2,56), visita ao dentista 0,29 (IC95% 0,22 - 0,37); boa higiene 0,21 (IC95% 0,17 - 0,27); higiene regular 0,20 (IC95% 0,15 - 0,25); e número de dentes ausentes (6 ou mais) 3,30 (IC95% 2,67 - 4,08). Conclusões: Esses dados mostraram que, na população estudada, indicadores de boa higiene, como escovar os dentes e uso do fio dental, foram fatores de proteção para o câncer de boca e cabeça e pescoço, enquanto sangramento e muitos dentes ausentes foram fatores de risco.

Oral Cancer: Socio-Spatial Analysis of a Brazilian Sample / Câncer Bucal: Análise Socioespacial de uma Amostra Brasileira / Cáncer Oral: Análisis Socioespacial de una Muestra Brasileña

Introduction:Socio-spatial measures are largely used in health research, but it is still unusual in oral cancer investigation. Objective: This study aims to describe the sociodemographic and clinical features of oral cancer and analyze the spatial distribution of the disease in relation to the neighborhood socioeconomic status including availability of health care centers.Method: Sociodemographic, clinical and histopathologic data were collected from patients treated from 2005 to 2015. Descriptive data analyses of all variables were performed. The spatial analysis was carried out through the program R. Geographic distribution of patients' home addresses was analyzed using Ripley's K function and Kernel maps. The socio-spatial vulnerability was defined by household income and home adequacy. Results: Of the 127 patients included, the majority were males (76.4%), Caucasian or Brown (82.7%), married (35.4%), with low educational level (71.6%) and mean age of 59.5 years. Cases were distributed in clusters characterized by lower median income and inadequate sanitary conditions. Primary health care centers were homogeneously distributed throughout the city. Conclusion: These oral cancer cases are concentrated in regions under relatively low socioeconomic conditions, and despite the homogeneous distribution of primary health care centers, it is not enough to promote access for patients and oral cancer remains being diagnosed late

Introdução: Medidas socioespaciais são amplamente utilizadas na pesquisa em saúde, mas ainda pouco exploradas em relação ao câncer de boca.Objetivo: Descrever as características sociodemográficas e clínicas do câncer de boca e analisar a distribuição espacial da doença em relação ao status socioeconômico do bairro, incluindo a disponibilidade de centros de saúde. Método: Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e histopatológicos dos pacientes atendidos no período de 2005 a 2015. Foram realizadas análises descritivas dos dados de todas as variáveis. A análise espacial foi realizada por meio do programa R. A distribuição geográfica dos endereços residenciais dos pacientes foi analisada usando a função K de Ripley e mapas de Kernel. A vulnerabilidade socioespacial foi definida pela renda familiar e adequação do domicílio. Resultados: Dos 127 pacientes incluídos, a maioria era do sexo masculino (76,4%), branca ou parda (82,7%), casada (35,4%), com baixa escolaridade (71,6%) e idade média de 59,5 anos. Os casos foram distribuídos em grupos caracterizados por menor renda mediana e condições sanitárias inadequadas. Conclusão: Os casos de câncer oral estão concentrados em regiões de baixa condição econômica. Embora os centros de atenção primária à saúde tenham sido homogeneamente distribuídos por toda a cidade, isso não é suficiente para promover o acesso dos pacientes e o câncer de boca continua sendo diagnosticado tardiamente.

Introducción: Las medidas socioespaciales son ampliamente utilizadas en las investigaciones relacionadas con la salud, sin embargo, existen pocos estudios en relación con el cáncer oral. Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas del cáncer oral y analizar la distribución espacial de la enfermedad en relación con el estado socioeconómico del vecindario, la disponibilidad de centros de salud. Método: Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos e histopatológicos de pacientes tratados entre 2005 y 2015. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de los datos para todas las variables. El análisis espacial se realizó utilizando el programa R. La distribución geográfica de las direcciones de los hogares de los pacientes se analizó utilizando la función K de Ripley y los mapas de Kernel. La vulnerabilidad socioespacial se definió por el ingreso familiar y la adecuación del hogar. Resultados: De los 127 pacientes incluidos, la mayoría eran hombres (76.4%), blancos o morenos (82.7%), casados (35.4%), con baja educación (71.6%) y edad promedio 59,5 años. Los casos se distribuyeron en grupos caracterizados por ingresos medios más bajos y condiciones sanitarias inadecuadas. Los centros de atención primaria de salud se distribuyeron de manera homogénea en toda la ciudad. Conclusión: Estos casos de cáncer están concentrados en regiones con condiciones socioeconómicas relativamente mas bajas. A pesar de la distribución de la atención primaria, esta no suficiente para promover el acceso de los pacientes a ella y su diagnóstico continúa siendo tardío.

Evaluación clínico-epidemiológica de trastornos bucales potencialmente malignos en adultos de Montalvo en Ambato, Ecuador / Clinical-epidemiological evaluation of potentially malignant oral disorders in adults of Montalvo in Ambato, Ecuador

RESUMEN Introducción: Las neoplasias de cabeza y cuello representan el 17,6 por ciento a nivel mundial. El cáncer de la cavidad bucal es uno de los más comunes que aparece en dicha región; el 95 por ciento corresponde a carcinoma epidermoide con un pobre pronóstico de supervivencia, debido a que algunos se desarrollan a partir de trastornos potencialmente malignos peligrosamente asintomáticos, por lo que su detección precoz es imprescindible. Objetivo: Caracterizar los trastornos bucales potencialmente malignos mediante aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y topográficos en adultos atendidos en el subcentro de salud de Montalvo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 99 pacientes atendidos en el subcentro de salud de Montalvo en Ambato, Ecuador, desde noviembre de 2012 a enero de 2013. Los datos fueron recogidos en la historia clínica estomatológica, que incluyó: datos generales, interrogatorio y examen físico de la cavidad bucal. Los trastornos bucales potencialmente malignos que se consideraron fueron la leucoplasia, eritroleucoplasia, eritroplasia y paladar del fumador invertido. Se aplicó la estadística descriptiva y el estadígrafo chi cuadrado de Sperman. Se trabajó con confidencialidad en el manejo de los datos obtenidos y con la autorización correspondiente al consentimiento. Resultados: Los pacientes con más de 60 años representaron el grupo de edad más afectado para el 60,6 por ciento, con un predominio del sexo femenino (54,5 por ciento). El color de la piel no tuvo una diferencia significativa. El trastorno más frecuente fue la leucoplasia (30 por ciento), seguida de la eritroleucoplasia (15 por ciento) y la eritroplasia (11 por ciento). El 75,8 por ciento de los pacientes no presentó síntomas, sin embargo, el 73 por ciento de los casos con lesiones presentó trauma físico. La localización más frecuente de la leucoplasia fue la mucosa del carrillo y la base de la lengua. Conclusiones: La leucoplasia, la eritroleucoplasia y la eritroplasia fueron los trastornos bucales potencialmente malignos más frecuentes, localizados con mayor frecuencia en la base de la lengua y la mucosa del carrillo, con un predominio en los pacientes mayores de 60 años y en las mujeres(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Head and neck neoplasms represent 17.6 percent worldwide. Cancer of the oral cavity is one of the most common that appear in this region, being 95 percent epidermoid carcinoma with a poor prognosis of survival because they develop from premalignant lesions dangerously asymptomatic, the reason why the precocious detection is imperative. Objective: Characterize potentially malignant oral disorders through epidemiological, clinical and topographical aspects in adults served at the Montalvo health subcenter. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 99 patients treated at the Montalvo health subcentre in Ambato, Ecuador, from November 2012 to January 2013. The data were collected in the stomatological medical history, which included: general data, interrogation and physical examination of the oral cavity. The potentially malignant oral disorders considered were leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia, erythroplasia and the palate of the inverted smoker. The descriptive statistic and the Sperman chi square statisticwast were applied. It was worked with confidentiality in the handling of the data obtained and with the authorization corresponding to the consent. Results: Patients over 60 years of age accounted for the most affected age group for 60.6 percent, with a female predominance (54.5 percent). The skin color did not make a significant difference. The most common disorder was leukoplakia (30 percent), followed by erythroleukoplakia (15 percent) erythroplasia (11 percent). 75.8 percent of patients had no symptoms, however 73 percent of injured cases had physical trauma. The most common location of leukoplakia was the mucosa of the cheek and the base of the tongue. Conclusion: Leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia and erythroplasia were the most common potentially malignant oral disorders, most commonly located at the base of the tongue and mucosa of the carrillo, with predominance in patients over 60 years of age and in patients over 60 years of age and in Women(AU)

Lesiones cancerígenas y precancerosas bucales. Factores de riesgos asociados. Policlínico Bernardo Posse. Año 2017 / Cancerous and pre-cancerous buccal lesions. Associated risk factors. Policlínico Bernardo Posse Years 2017

RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer bucal constituye uno de los mayores problemas de salud al cual se enfrenta la humanidad, no solo en el ámbito de salud pública sino también en la ciencia en general, que afecta un grupo significativo de personas en todo el mundo. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de las lesiones precancerígenas y cancerígenas de la cavidad bucal y los factores de riesgos asociados en individuos pertenecientes al Policlínico Bernardo Posse, municipio San Miguel del Padrón, La Habana, 2017. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico retrospectivo en pacientes de más de 15 años de edad entre enero y noviembre del 2017 sobre los factores de riesgo asociados con la aparición de lesiones premalignas y malignas del complejo bucal con un universo de 631 pacientes. Se operacionalizaron las variables en estudio. Resultados: se mostró un predominio del sexo masculino en un 52,9 %, siendo el grupo de edad más frecuente el comprendido entre 35 a 59 años para un 53.2%. Las lesiones precancerígenas de la cavidad bucal fueron más frecuentes en los grupos etáreos mayor de 60 años para un 1,42 %. De los pacientes examinados, el 53.2% consumen bebidas alcohólicas de forma habitual. Conclusiones: en el estudio predominaron las personas del sexo masculino y los mayores de 35 años de edad. Las lesiones precancerígenas de la cavidad bucal fueron más frecuentes en los grupos etáreos de mayor de 60 años. Se constató relación entre los factores de riesgo estudiados y la presencia de lesiones malignas y premalignas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: cancer is one the major health problems in humanity, not only in the field of public health, but also in science in general.It affects a significant group of persons in the world. Objetive: to describe the behavior of the cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions in the buccal cavity and risk factors associated with patients assisted in Bernardo Posse Clinic, located in San Miguel del Padrón municipality, Havana, 2017. Materials and methods: an analytic and retrospective study about risk factors associated with cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions in the buccal cavity in patients aged 15 and over, between January and November, 2017. There is a universe of 631 patients. Some variable were analyzed in the study. Results: the male sex predominated prove a predominance of sex masculine with a 52, 9 %. The 35 and 59 age group was the most affected, with a 53,2%. The age group older than 60 was the most affected with pre-cancerous lesions in the buccal cavity, with a 1, 42 %. From the patients examined throughout the research, the 53, 2% consumed alcohol in a regular way. Conclusions: in the study predominated the persons of male sex and the older than 35 years. The pre-cancerous lesions were more frequent in the age group older than 60 years .If was proved the relation between the risk factors and the cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions.

Susceptibilidad genética frente al cáncer bucal por infección del virus del papiloma humano / Genetic susceptibility to oral cancer due to human papillomavirus infection

Resumen Los carcinógenos ambientales y el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) son los principales responsables del cáncer bucal. Los factores de susceptibilidad en el genoma humano desempeñan un papel modulador del riesgo, sin embargo, no todos los individuos expuestos a los carcinógenos padecen cáncer. El objetivo de la presente revisión es describir los principales factores de susceptibilidad genética para cáncer bucal en individuos con infección por VPH. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en tres bases de datos en inglés; solo siete artículos cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Se registraron polimorfismos genéticos en tres categorías relacionados con el VPH y que participan en la oncogénesis. Se identificaron tres artículos relativos a la desregulación de los mecanismos de control del ciclo celular, uno relativo a mutaciones en la vía de la apoptosis y tres a polimorfismos en genes de respuesta inflamatoria e inmune. La asociación entre polimorfismos para el desarrollo de cáncer bucal y VPH es evidente, aunque continúa en estudio ya que no siempre el patrón de oncogénesis de las neoplasias bucales está relacionado con el VPH, sino con otros factores ambientales o epigenéticos.

Abstract Environmental carcinogens and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the main responsible factors for oral cancer. Susceptibility factors in the human genome play a risk-modulating role; however not all individuals exposed to these carcinogens suffer from cancer. The purpose of the present review is to describe the main factors of genetic susceptibility to oral cancer due to HPV infection. A systematic search was carried out in three databases in English, with only 7 articles meeting the selection criteria. Genetic polymorphisms are shown in three categories, which are related to HPV and participate in oncogenesis. Three articles related to deregulation of cell cycle control mechanisms were identified, as well as one referring to mutations in the apoptosis pathway and three about polymorphisms in inflammatory and immune response genes. The association of polymorphisms for the development of oral cancer by HPV is evident, although it remains under study. Oral neoplasms’ oncogenesis pattern is not always associated with HPV, but with other environmental or epigenetic factors.